Bonnet Rouge

Phrygian Cap/Bonnet Rouge The Bonnet Rouge, also known as the Bonnet Phrygien / Phrygian Cap, was a red cap which began to be associated with the French Revolution in 1789. By 1791 it had become de rigueur for sans-culotte militants to wear one to show their loyalty and was widely used in propaganda. By 1792 it had been adopted by the government as an official symbol of the revolutionary state and has been resurrected at various moments of tension in French political history, right into the twentieth century. Design The Phrygian Cap has no brim and is soft and ‘limp’; it fits tightly around the head. Red versions became associated with the French Revolution. Sort of Origins In the early modern period of European history many works were written about life in ancient Rome and Greece, and in them appeared the Phrygian Cap. This was supposedly worn in the Anatolian region of Phrygian and developed into headwear of liberated slaves. Although the truth is confused and seems tenuous, the link between freedom from slavery and the Phrygian Cap was established in the early modern mind. Revolutionary Headwear Red Caps were soon used in France during moments of social unrest, and in 1675 there occurred a series of riots known to posterity as the Revolt of the Red Caps. What we don’t know is if the Liberty Cap was exported from these French tensions to the American Colonies, or whether it came back the other way, because red Liberty Caps were a part of American Revolutionary symbolism, from the Sons of Liberty to a seal of the US Senate. Either way, when a meeting of the Estates General in France in 1789 turned into one of the greatest revolutions in history the Phrygian Cap appeared.There are records showing the cap in use in 1789, but it really gained traction in 1790 and by 1791 was an essential symbol of the sans-culottes, whose legwear (after which they were named) and their headwear (the bonnet rouge) was a quasi-uniform showing the class and revolutionary fervor of working Parisians. The Goddess Liberty was shown wearing one, as was the symbol of the French nation Marianne, an d revolutionary soldiers wore them too. When Louis XVI was threatened in 1792 by a mob which broke into his residence they made him wear a cap, and when Louis was executed the cap only increased in importance, appearing pretty much everywhere that wanted to appear loyal. Revolutionary fervor (some might say madness) meant that by 1793 some politicians were made by law to wear one. Later Use However, after the Terror, the sans-culottes and the extremes of the revolution were out of favor with people who wanted a middle way, and the cap began to be replaced, partly to neuter opposition. This hasn’t stopped the Phrygian Cap reappearing: in the 1830 revolution and the rise of the July monarchy caps appeared, as they did during the revolution of 1848. The bonnet rouge remains an official symbol, used in France, and during recent times of tension in France, there have been news reports of Phrygian Caps appearing.

Feedstock in Chemistry and Engineering

Feedstock in Chemistry and Engineering A feedstock refers to any unprocessed material used to supply a manufacturing process. Feedstocks are bottleneck assets because their availability determines the ability to make products. In its most general sense, a feedstock is a natural material (e.g., ore, wood, seawater, coal) that has been transformed for marketing in large volumes. In engineering, particularly as it relates to energy, a feedstock refers specifically to a renewable, biological material that can be converted into energy or fuel. In chemistry, a feedstock is a chemical used to support a large-scale chemical reaction. The term usually refers to an organic substance. Also Known As: A feedstock may also be called a  raw material or unprocessed material. Sometimes feedstock is a synonym for biomass. Examples of Feedstocks Using the broad definition of a feedstock, any natural resource might be considered an example, including any mineral, vegetation, or air or water. If it can be mined, grown, caught, or collected and isnt produced by man, its a raw material. When a feedstock is a renewable biological substance, examples include crops, woody plants, algae, petroleum, and natural gas.  Specifically, crude oil is a feedstock for the production of gasoline. In the chemical industry, petroleum is a feedstock for a host of chemicals, including methane, propylene, and butane. Algae is a feedstock for hydrocarbon fuels, Corn is a feedstock for ethanol.

Who I am Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Who I am - Essay Example My migration to the United States was a significant event in my life. Although I took some time to adjust to the new culture, I gradually started feeling at home. I started seeing the merits of the American values. I also greatly admire and enjoy the freedoms that the citizens are entitled. I have a total of 8 siblings – 3 brothers and 5 sisters. I am the youngest of them all. We are a closely knit family. My mother took the sole responsibility of raising all of us, in the absence of my father. My mother struggled hard to keep the family afloat and it is to her that I am most indebted. Her hard work had paid off and we are all successful in our lives today. I do not have any friends. However, my extended family provides me with all the warmth and companionship that I require. I cherish the moments of love and care that I shared with my brothers and sisters. Being the last child of the family, I was particularly well looked after by everyone. Some of my brothers and sisters live in different parts of the country. But we are in regular contact and the distance has not diminished our mutual concern. My mother especially enjoys visiting all her children scattered across this expansive country of ours. I am married and have two children. The elder one is Theresa, who is 3 and half years old. The younger one is Alicia, who is 17 months old. I have a very supporting husband who can understand and relate to all my concerns and worries. My children bring such joy into my life. I am keen on providing them with quality education and all the assistance and guidance to fulfill their potentials. My husband and children are very dear to me. My well being is directly connected to my family’s wellbeing. This is another motivation for my getting professionally qualified. On successful completion of this course on Radiology, I would be eligible to seek a job as a Radiologist in a hospital laboratory. The

Final Project- Google Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Final Project- Google - Research Paper Example This company is also unique in its marketing strategies compared to others and the management formulae as well. However, just like every other company, it does not go without facing major challenges from both within and without which require to be fixed so that the company can progress. The company has a unique management structure in each area. They have expanded in different parts of the world and therefore cannot afford to risk making loses due to wrong IT management structure. As a result, each region has its own head manager, team of directors and chain of employees going down. This enables the addressing of the needs of each region in a manner that best suits those living there. There is also a unique factor about the way in which the Google Company advertises itself. This is done in each region uniquely depending n the cultural values and religious beliefs of the region. Dividing this forms of advertisement enables the company first perform a research on what is considered ethical within eh community in order to ensure that he marketing advertisements they do not offensive to the public. Each region has different needs and it is important that the company present their product in a manner that seems to address these needs. As a result, there are different fo rms of advertisement in each region aimed at capturing the attention of many and winning numbers of users of the Google search engine. Even though the Human Resource department of the Google Company views the employees as an important asset and offers compensation and benefits such as basic salary, medical facility, a bonus, gratuity fund, social security and pick and drop, the company still faces challenges. One of the major challenges facing this organization is that both the employees as well as the management may have lost a clear direction and a common purpose for the company. There was low morale within the company as a result of several attempted

Persuasive Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Essay Obama Immigration Policy Illegal immigration has been a major issue in the United States (US), for those who leave their home countries for the American dream. These people are deported when found; completely up-rooted from lives they built. This affects illegal immigrants from men and women, which migrate illegally, to their children often, brought to the United States for a better chance at life. Furthermore, this piece will illustrate the issues illegal immigrants face along with a new policy, which has the potential to change lives for illegal immigrants with productive intentions. In June 2012, President Barrack Obama announced a new policy, which could delay illegal immigrants from experiencing deportation. The new policy is aimed at those who illegally came to this country as children, and who have generally stayed out of trouble since they got here (Simon, 2012). Under the administrations new plan, these immigrants would get a temporary, two-year waiver from deportation, and would also be eligible for a work permit (Simon, 2012). Those eligible can seek what amounts to a two-year deferment of any prosecution for being in this country illegally, a deferment, which is infinitely renewable (Fischer, 2012). Scott Horsley from the National Public Radio News (NPR) Stated, â€Å" the policy is aimed at people who came to the U. S. when they were under the age of 16, and whove lived here for at least five years. Those who have gone to school, finished school, gotten their GED, or served in the military, and who are not yet 30 years old. These are, if you will, the most innocent of illegal immigrants, those of whom Mr. Obama said they are Americans in every way but on paper. † This move could affect 800,000 to 1. million illegal immigrants. A few of my own family members could be affected by this. I have cousins, which came to the US illegally with their parents and have excelled since being here in the United States, but the threat of deportation is a constant reality. Some have been victims of crimes, and didn’t contact the authorities, for fear of being torn out of the lives they built. The new policy could be beneficial to my family as well as many other families who fear f amily members not coming home at the end of the day. This could be a temporary solution for the working class immigrants. A few arguments are that some think this back-door amnesty. Gov Jan Brewer stated, What he has done today is he is going to give documentation to nearly a million people that have arrived in our country illegally and not by the rule of law. † Another argument is that the Obama administration has decided to stop following laws already passed by Congress and act as if its preferred policies are law. More particularly, the DREAM Act, which failed to pass Congress. President Obama has used executive power to bring back parts of the DREAM Act, and is going along with policy rather than law. What President Obama has done is legal, but could set a regrettable precedent, where presidents in the future could refuse to follow laws because of disagreement with certain elements of those laws. Illegal immigrants are can apply for the two year waiver from deportation, but it is clear this is not a path to citizenship. Non-citizens will not be able to vote. These immigrants will also have to complete the same application process as all others do for work permits. Federal work permits will be given to those, which are granted prosecutorial deferment. I believe this new policy is a morally right decision. I personally have served in the armed forces with some of these immigrants, and a few have even defended the US better than some US citizens, for a country that does not want them. For example, one of my brothers in arms is a Philippine National, and while serving a deployment in Iraq his wife and newborn son were deported , which led to a long strenuous application process. To be blunt, it is a smack in the face to deport or prosecute veterans for immigration laws because they have served the US government and supported and defended the Constitution were to approve the new policy, immigration courts would be able to shift their focus to the illegal immigrants, which have bad intentions, criminal records, no tax record, or more blatantly put the individuals who should be prosecuted and deported. Some did not even know they were not citizens until they applied for drivers licenses, or college scholarships, etc. I just do not think it is right to deport or prosecute people who are not doing anything to hurt the United States, and if they show promise. So to recapitulate, the immigration policy was announced in June 2012. It has the potential to help, those brought to the US not by their own doing. Specifically, it helps anyone who was under the age of 16 upon illegal entry, has been in the US for five years, not more than 30 years old, veterans, and those with no criminal records.

Selling and offering information on the internet brings with it a list :: Computer Science

Selling and offering information on the internet brings with it a list of legal and corporate issues. Legal and corporate issues The growth of e-commerce has enabled M&S to involve and expand their business from their stores to the world of internet. Marks and Spencer is increasingly using the internet for electronic commerce, selling goods to consumers and also offer a range of information about the available products and services. However selling and offering information on the internet brings with it a list of legal and corporate issues. These issues are designed in order to protect the customers from fraud of misuse of personal data and also laws to consider disabled consumers who may be using the internet site, therefore will require special features. M&S corporate identity, including the corporate logo design and the company corporate identity and branding is the most important information that this company can convey to its customers, therefore specific consideration are designed in regard of protecting the companies identity. Legal Issues Data protection considerations The Data Protection Act lays puts down a serious of rules that M&S must obey under their co-operation. Therefore as a successful trader any personal data that the company collects from its customers, such as name, address and billing information such as credit card details must be protected from fraud. Therefore M&S must deal fairly with the info they receive from consumers and tell the customer what data the have collected, upon that they must tell them what you are going to do with that information, and consult with the customers before taking any actions. For instance they must ask for permission before sharing the information with a third party, therefore the most important point to consider is to Keep the data collected safe and secure. Website terms and conditions ---------------------------- The terms and condition are important and must be informed to the consumer before making a transaction. Different companies have different terms and condition therefore M&S must make sure they make it clear for their consumers the terms an condition of making this transaction. These terms and condition inform the customers of the Data protection act considerations, which is designed in interest of the consumers comfort in the transaction, reassuring them that the details they provide is kept safe. M&S must include these terms and condition to reassure their customers that using their e-commerce will be safe and secure. M&S must also include a clear privacy policy explaining how they will use the information collected on the site. It is also crucial to contain a clear "conditions of sale" which includes details of when the contract is actually formed (E.g. the order

The Pearl Summary

John Steinbeck (1902-1968), born in Salinas, California, came from a family of moderate means. He worked his way through college at Stanford University but never graduated. In 1925 he went to New York, where he tried for a few years to establish himself as a free-lance writer, but he failed and returned to California. After publishing some novels and short stories, Steinbeck first became widely known with Tortilla Flat (1935), a series of humorous stories about Monterey paisanos.Steinbeck's novels can all be classified as social novels dealing with the economic problems of rural labour, but there is also a streak of worship of the soil in his books, which does not always agree with his matter-of-fact sociological approach. After the rough and earthy humour of Tortilla Flat, he moved on to more serious fiction, often aggressive in its social criticism, to In Dubious Battle (1936), which deals with the strikes of the migratory fruit pickers on California plantations.This was followed b y Of Mice and Men (1937), the story of the imbecile giant Lennie, and a series of admirable short stories collected in the volume The Long Valley (1938). In 1939 he published what is considered his best work, The Grapes of Wrath, the story of Oklahoma tenant farmers who, unable to earn a living from the land, moved to California where they became migratory workers. John Steinbeck wrote The Pearl during the time in which he was at the height of his fame.He had completed The Grapes of Wrath, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction and was renowned and reviled as a subversive, unpatriotic man who threatened the national interest through the socialist themes of his novels. This view of Steinbeck was inconsistent with his soft-spoken nature, but by 1944, when Steinbeck began to write The Pearl, Steinbeck had come to reconcile this aspect of his fame. Steinbeck wrote The Pearl based on his personal convictions, and based the story on the biblical parable of a ? pearl of great pric e.'In this story, a jewel for which the merchant trades everything he owns becomes the metaphor for Heaven. Everything in the merchant's earthly existence, however, becomes worthless when compared to the joys of living with God in Heaven. However, Steinbeck uses the parable as a meditation on the American dream of success. Steinbeck, who himself had risen quickly to prosperity, explores how Kino, the protagonist of The Pearl, deals with his newfound prominence in the community and riches. Steinbeck found a second inspiration for The Pearl in the tale of a young Mexican boy told in Steinbeck's Sea of Cortez.However, the boy in the original form of the story wished to use the pearl to buy clothing, alcohol and sex. The story contains several similar plot points, including the rapacious dealers and the attacks on the boy to find the pearl, that would recur in the story's final form. The Pearl derives much of its force from the descriptions of the impoverished lifestyle of the Mexicans of La Paz, the location of the story. The plight of the impoverished is a consistent theme in Steinbeck's work, including The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men.Although these novels dealt with white protagonists, Steinbeck turned to the plight of Mexicans for The Pearl based on the 1942 and 1943 Zoot Suit Race Riots in Los Angeles. By the time that Steinbeck wrote The Pearl, he had gained an interest in writing screenplays, and thus wrote the novel in a form suitable for easy adaptation to film. The story has a simple plot structure and an economy of characters, but unlike The Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men, and East of Eden, Steinbeck did not adapt The Pearl.Instead, Steinbeck focused on screenplays written originally for the screen for his subsequent works The Pearl, which takes place in La Paz, Mexico, begins with a description of the seemingly idyllic family life of Kino, his wife Juana and their infant son, Coyotito. Kino watches as Coyotito sleeps, but sees a scorpion craw l down the rope that holds the hanging box where Coyotito lies. Kino attempts to catch the scorpion, but Coyotito bumps the rope and the scorpion falls on him. Although Kino kills the scorpion, it still stings Coyotito.Juana and Kino, accompanied by their neighbors, go to see the local doctor, who refuses to treat Coyotito because Kino cannot pay. Kino and Juana leave the doctors and take Coyotito down near the sea, where Juana uses a seaweed poultice on Coyotito's shoulder, which is now swollen. Kino dives for oysters from his canoe, attempting to find pearls. He finds a very large oyster which, when Kino opens it, yields an immense pearl. Kino puts back his head and howls, causing the other pearl divers to look up and race toward Kino's canoe. The news that Kino has found an immense pearl travels fast through La Paz.The doctor who refused to treat Coyotito decides to visit Kino. Kino's neighbors begin to feel bitter toward him for his good fortune, but neither Kino nor Juana reali ze this feeling they have engendered. Juan Tomas, the brother of Kino, asks him what he will do with his money, and he envisions getting married to Juana in a church and dressing Coyotito in a yachting cap and sailor suit. He claims that he will send Coyotito to school and buy a rifle for himself. The local priest visits and tells Kino to remember to give thanks and to pray for guidance.The doctor also visits, and although Coyotito seems to be healing, the doctor insists that Coyotito still faces danger and treats him. Kino tells the doctor that he will pay him once he sells his pearl, and the doctor attempts to discern where the pearl is located (Kino has buried it in the corner of his hut). That night, a thief attempts to break into Kino's hut, but Kino drives him away. Juana tells Kino that the pearl will destroy them, but Kino insists that the pearl is their one chance and that tomorrow they will sell it.Kino's neighbors wonder what they would do if they had found the pearl, and suggest giving it as a present to the Pope, buying Masses for the souls of his family, and distributing it among the poor of La Paz. Kino goes to sell his pearl, accompanied by his neighbors, but the pearl dealer only offers a thousand pesos when Kino believes that he deserves fifty thousand. Although other dealers inspect the pearl and give similar prices, Kino refuses their offer and decides to go to the capital to sell it there.That night, Kino is attacked by more thieves, and Juana once again reminds Kino that the pearl is evil. However, Kino vows that he will not be cheated, for he is a man. Later that night, Juana attempts to take the pearl and throw it into the ocean, but Kino finds her and beats her for doing so. While outside, a group of men accost Kino and knock the pearl from his hand. Juana watches from a distance, and sees Kino approach her, limping with another man whose throat Kino has slit. Juana finds the pearl, and they decide that they must go away even if the mu rder was in self-defense.Kino finds that his canoe has been damaged and their house was torn up and the outside set afire. Kino and Juana stay with Juan Tomas and his wife, Apolonia, where they hide for the next day before setting out for the capital that night. Kino and Juana travel that night, and rest during the day. When Kino believes that he is being followed, the two hide and Kino sees several bighorn sheep trackers who pass by him. Kino and Juana escape into the mountains, where Juana and Coyotito hide in the cave while Kino, taking his clothes off so that no one will see his white clothing.The trackers think that they hear something when they hear Coyotito crying, but decide that it is merely a coyote pup. After a tracker shoots in the direction of the cries, Kino attacks the three trackers, killing all three of them. Kino can hear nothing but the cry of death, for he soon realizes that Coyotito is dead from that first shot. Juana and Kino return to La Paz. Kino carries a ri fle stolen from the one of the trackers he killed, while Juana carries the dead Coyotito. The two approach the gulf, and Kino, who now sees the image of Coyotito with his head blown off in the pearl, throws it into the ocean.

Comparison of High School and College Essay

I could go on and on about how many similarities high school and college have, but I’d rather interest you in their differences. The three main differences between these two educations are homework, tests, and rules of attendance. I would personally prefer college over high school any day. In high school, homework is pretty ridiculous. Teachers would assign homework every day and not only that, but they would check it every day as well. If it wasn’t perfect we would get points taken off and we would have to re-do the problems we got wrong. Teachers are also unreasonably lenient in high school too. For example, the â€Å"I left my paper at home, can I turn it in next class?† excuse is okay in high school. This is because they will and always will. Teachers know what college is like and want to give students the benefit of the doubt as much as they can before they get crushed in college. College as you would expect, is much harder than high school responsibility wise. In my math class, homework isn’t even assigned, let alone checked. It is my own responsibility to do it so that I will do well on tests and quizzes. Nobody is going to check on you to make sure you are doing what you are supposed to be doing. Honestly, it almost seems that nobody cares either. Of course teachers care if you fail their class, but they only care if you tried extremely hard and worked really hard. Nine times out of ten, a student failed due to laziness and irresponsibility to get assignments into their teachers on time which is when a teacher won’t care. If you do happen to get a teacher who assigns homework and checks it, you better have it done by the due date. If you don’t, unless you are dying, no excuse is persuasive to a teacher in college. There really is no excuse for late work in college because it is preparing you for the job world. Tests and quizzes in high school pretty much expect the teachers to give students study guides and so forth. If you miss a test or quiz in high school you can make it up in your resource time or whenever the teacher says so. If you are an idiot and decide to cheat on a high school level test you might get a warning, or you might even get a zero. In college the testing strategy and rules along with it are different. The only course that usually requires a lot from personal experience would be math. Every other course basically only has a final exam at the end of the semester and possibly a few quizzes along the way. If you miss these final exams or quizzes they are automatically zeros and you just wasted a lot of money. Another difference in college is that some tests or quizzes are online whereas in high school everything takes place in the classroom. The last major difference between tests in high school and college is that if you get caught cheating in any way at the collegiate level you won’t get a zero, or a warning. You will get thrown out of the institution without a refund. This last cool difference could be the deciding factor whether you pass or fail. In high school your teacher is required to take attendance of every student in class every day. If you are late to class you must get a pass and if you don’t show up at all it counts as an absence on your report card. Sometimes excuses work with some teachers but that usually isn’t the case. However, when you reach college you will find that some professors could care less if you come to class late or don’t come at all. You won’t be marked down as an absence or anything. This is because professors get paid regardless if you show up or not. Ideally, as you would expect, college is much different than high school. I was always the kid who turned assignments in late and every time I got away with it. Sometimes I wouldn’t show up to class and made up a stupid excuse for it and nobody questioned me. Now I’m in college and things are very different for me. I used to hate having to do homework assignments every day and having to do them right knowing they would be checked for correction. I just never realized the importance of being forced to do them and how much it would help me learn the information. So when a professor tells me I don’t have to do homework and it won’t be checked I listened to him and now I don’t know how to do the chapter we are learning in math. Now that I’ve realized the importance of doing the homework instead of waiting to be asked to do it and checked I just do it so that I won’t suffer on the test or quiz due to my own ignorance. I’ll be okay in college as long as I remember what’s important to me which am getting a job when finally getting my engineering degree. You always have to remember what’s important to you because if you don’t then you will fall behind in life and you don’t want to fall behind in anything you do. It’s pretty unnecessary and unneeded but either way you won’t be successful. High school and college are very different in a couple senses but they are different for a reason. If you don’t take advantage of these reasons then they will take advantage of you. Homework, test and attendance policies are the 3 main differences between high school and college. There is more homework, more tests and stricter attendance policy in high school.

Race Relations in the New World essays

Race Relations in the New World essays The British colonies in North America were not societies that valued or expected equality. They conquered Native American land without any payment for it and they used African Americans as slaves. By the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century, the standard norm for the British included vicious warfare with the Native Americans and enslavement of the African Americans. These practices became the standard norm as a result of carelessness and perhaps fear of change on the part of the British. Early British settlements in North America established first contact between the British and the Native Americans. Almost twenty years after the mysterious disappearance of the colonists who settled at Roanoke, the British settled In the Chesapeake Bay area in the early 17th century. They called it Jamestown in honor of their king, James I. Shortly after settling in Jamestown, a group of about two hundred Native Americans attacked the British because the British were trying to exploit Native American labor and wealth. The British saw nothing wrong with holding a peaceful social state but at the same time using Native Americans as a cheap form of labor. Although the Native Americans had supplied the British with food and other vital necessities, tensions still persisted. The British and the Native Americans interacted very often in trade surroundings, but the failure of each group to understand and accept the other group's culture prevented any lasting cooperation between the two groups. Simple misunderstandings during a trade agreement could turn into violent confrontations as a result of the large difference in culture and beliefs. In March 1622, one Native American by the name of Opechancanough planned a surprise attack on Jamestown. Intending to wipe out the whole colony, his plan was only partially successful as a result of British retaliation which killed more Native Americans than they did British. Afte...

The Treaty of Kanagawa Opened Japan to Trade

The Treaty of Kanagawa Opened Japan to Trade The Treaty of Kanagawa was an 1854 agreement between the United States of America and the government of Japan. In what became known as the opening of Japan, the two countries agreed to engage in limited trade and to agree to the safe return of American sailors who had become shipwrecked in Japanese waters. The treaty was accepted by the Japanese after a squadron of American warships anchored in the mouth of Tokyo Bay on July 8, 1853. Japan has been a closed society with very little contact with the rest of the world for 200 years, and there was an expectation that the Japanese Emperor would not be receptive to American overtures. However, friendly relations between the two nations were established. The approach to Japan is sometimes viewed as an international aspect of Manifest Destiny. The expansion toward the West meant that the United States was becoming a power in the Pacific Ocean. American political leaders believed their mission in the world was to expand American markets into Asia. The treaty was the first modern treaty Japan negotiated with a western nation. While it was limited in scope, it did open Japan to trade with the west for the first time. The treaty led to other treaties, so it sparked enduring changes for Japanese society. Background of the Treaty of Kanagawa After some very tentative dealings with Japan, the administration of President Millard Fillmore dispatched a trusted naval officer, Commodore Matthew C. Perry, to Japan to attempt to gain entry to Japanese markets. Along with the potential for commerce, the United States sought to use Japanese ports in a limited manner. The American whaling fleet had been sailing farther into the Pacific Ocean, and it would be advantageous to be able to visit Japanese ports to load supplies, food, and fresh water. The Japanese had firmly resisted visits from American whalers. Perry arrived at Edo Bay on July 8, 1853, carrying a letter from President Fillmore requesting friendship and free trade. The Japanese were not receptive, and Perry said he would return in one year with more ships. The Japanese leadership, the Shogunate, faced a dilemma. If they agreed to the American offer, other nations would no doubt follow and seek relations with them, undermining the isolationism they sought. On the other hand, if they rejected Commodore Perrys offer, the American promise to return with a larger and modern military force seemed to be a serious threat. Perry had impressed the Japanese by arriving with four steam-powered warships which had been painted black. The ships appeared modern and formidable. The Signing of the Treaty Before leaving on the mission to Japan, Perry had read any books he could find on Japan. The diplomatic way in which he handled matters seemed to make things go more smoothly than otherwise might have been expected. By arriving and delivering a letter, and then sailing away to return months later, the Japanese leaders felt they were not being overly pressured. And when Perry arrived back in Tokyo the following year, in February 1854, leading a squadron of American ships. The Japanese were fairly receptive, and negotiations began between Perry and representatives from Japan.. Perry brought along gifts for the Japanese to provide  some idea of what American was like, He presented them with a small working model of a steam locomotive, a barrel of whiskey, some examples of modern American farming tools, and a book by the naturalist John James Audubon, Birds and Quadrupeds of America. After weeks of negotiation, the Treaty of Kanagawa was signed on March 31, 1854. The treaty was ratified by the U.S. Senate as well as by the Japanese government. The trade between the two nations was still quite limited, as only certain Japanese ports were open to American ships. However, the hard line Japan had taken about shipwrecked American sailors had been relaxed.  And American ships in the western Pacific would be able to call on Japanese ports to obtain food, water, and other supplies. American ships began mapping the waters around Japan in 1858, a scientific effort which was viewed as having great importance to American merchant sailors. Overall, the treaty was seen by Americans as a sign of progress. As word of the treaty spread, European nations began approaching Japan with similar requests, and within a few years more than a dozen other nations had negotiated treaties with Japan. In 1858 the United States, during the administration of President James Buchanan, sent a diplomat, Townsend Harris, to negotiate a more comprehensive treaty. Japanese ambassadors traveled to the United States, and they became a sensation wherever they traveled. The isolation of Japan had essentially ended, though factions within the country debated just how westernized Japanese society should become. Sources: Shogun Iesada Signs the Convention of Kanagawa.  Global Events:  Milestone Events Throughout History, edited by Jennifer Stock, vol. 2: Asia and Oceania, Gale, 2014, pp. 301-304.   Munson, Todd S. Japan, Opening of.  Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450, edited by Thomas Benjamin, vol. 2, Macmillan Reference USA, 2007, pp. 667-669. Matthew Calbraith Perry.  Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 12, Gale, 2004, pp. 237-239.

Port Development and Reform Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Port Development and Reform - Case Study Example Appendix - 1 refers all the sources of Busan Port those are used to collect information where as Appendix - 2 en-lists all the sources of Felixstowe Port. The paper is presented on request of Acedemia-Reaserch's Customer on the topic 'Port Development & Reform'" "Opened under the name of Busanpo in 1876" (BRMAPO, n.d, "Introduction", 'Status of port ') and "called Pusanpo during 10th to 14th centuries", it "was a chiefdome of Jinhan in2nd and 3rd centuries AD", (World Port Source, "Port Of Busan", 'Port History', 2009), "Busan Port has developed into a modern port equipped with four ports, such as North Port, South Port, Gamcheon Port and Dadaepo Port, six container terminals and an international passenger terminal. It has constantly been upgraded since commencement of wharf construction in 1906." (BRMAPO, n.d,"Introduction",'Status of port '). Brief about its history (The "Settlement of japanese in port", See Appendix - 1, 2009). "Located in the South Eastern end of the South Korean peninsula (35 04' 42" north latitude, 129 01' 01" east longitude), Serving as a gateway between the Pacific Ocean and Eurasian Continent.". "Surrounded by mountains and islands, So, water is still and the tidal difference is small. Adjacent to one of the world's three arterial routes, Busan Port is equipped with naturally advantageous conditions.". (BRMAPO, n.d, "Introduction",' Geographical Conditions'). "It's boundaries start from the southern end of Sinmyeong in Myeong-dong of Jinhae-si through the southeastern end of Wudo Island, southwestern end of Yeondo Island, western end of Cheonsumal, Gadeokdo Island, southern end of Gadeokgo Island, Saedngdo Island, Oryukdo Island and 57m mountain top of Dongbaekseom Island in Haeundae into the southern end of Gwanganni Beach." (BRMAPO, n.d, "Introduction", 'Port Boundaries'). "Offers state-of-the-art facilities and is directly linked to both road and rail to Seoul and other industrial areas

Dickens and His Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dickens and His Society - Essay Example The realist tradition operated under the belief that the novel held a responsibility to examine the basic nature of society as it was as a means of exposing its strengths and weaknesses and to begin pointing out methods of reform (1996). Dickens does this in every book he wrote, often focusing on similar themes such as in his novels Great Expectations and David Copperfield. In both stories, Dickens illustrates human nature as he chronicles the development of a young boy into a gentleman. In each novel, the boy must survive a number of relationships with others, most of which seem designed expressly to ensure his failure, eventually finding his own way to success. Through his various plot developments and narrative elements, Dickens continues to invite his reader to make moral judgments about his characters even as this same audience is permitted sympathetic involvement in the characters’ experiences. Both stories begin with the main character at a very young age, although told from a much older perspective. Pip, in Great Expectations, is found living under the care and supervision of his bitter older sister and her down-to-earth husband Joe. The defining moment of his life takes place here as the small boy, seeking comfort from the graves of his dead parents and siblings, meets with an escaped convict and is both terrified enough and humane enough to assist the man with his escape. Shortly after this terrifying experience, Pip is employed by Miss Havisham to be playmate to her adopted daughter Estella and chooses to spend his money trying to get an education. He is suddenly lifted into the upper class through the intervention of a nameless benefactor and his studies take on a classic curriculum rather than a practical one. As he gains the knowledge suited for a gentleman, Pip’s attitude toward his sister and brother-in-law change drastically only to suffer a further reversal once he finally learns the nature of his fortune. David Copperfield also opens with a story from childhood, this time fondly recalling a pretty young mother and the family servant Peggoty (his father had died six months before he was born). However, this happiness comes to an end when his mother marries Mr. Murdstone who beats him and sends him away to a very strict boarding school. David stays at the school until his mother dies and he is returned home to go to work in one of his step-father's factories and boards with the Micawber family who are already struggling with debt. When the Micawbers leave London to escape further threat of debtor's prison, David leaves on foot to finally arrives at his great-Aunt Betsey’s house in Dover. She renames him Trotwood, Trot for short, and sends him to school at Canterbury, where he stays with Mr. Wickfield and his daughter Agnes but is plagued by the unpleasant Uriah Heep, who works to destroy everyone around him. Although fond of Agnes, he marries Dora and lives unhappily until Dora's death. David travels abroad to clear his head, finally realizing he's in love with Agnes to whom he returns and they have three children together. There are many shared social themes addressed within these two novels. Both boys are the victims of abusive homes and sometimes dire financial circumstances. One gets the sense that Pip's sister would have been nicer to him had she not had to struggle so hard to make sure the family had enough food to eat. It is unlikely Mr. Murdstone would have been nicer to his step-son had more money flowed into the house, but it seems clear David's mother would not have married him had she not been worried about the family's welfare enough to convince herself this was the best option. Money is also closely